the Senate指参议院，House of Representatives指众议院，这两个词要记住。

文中representation in the Senate and House of Representatives的字面意思是“参议院和众议院的代表”，可理解为参议员与众议员人数。

granted to each state是V-ed后置定语，修饰votes。

grant也可以理解成give，是allocate的同义替换。

文中The number of votes granted to each state的意思就是：给予每个州的选举人票的数量。

④Every state has two senators and at least one representative， so even sparsely populated states， such as Montana， are guaranteed three votes.

每个州有两个参议院和至少一个众议员，所以，即使是人员稀少的州，比如蒙大拿州，也有三张选举人票。

④句介绍了每州选举人票的最少数量：每州固定有两名参议员(senator)，至少一名众议员(representative)，所以一个州最少有3张选举人票。

“人烟稀少的”可以说sparsely populated，相反，如果人口密集，可以说 densely populated.

⑤Nearly every state awards its entire slate of ECVs to whomever wins the popular vote in that state (only Maine and Nebraska allow for their ECVs to be split among candidates).

几乎在所有的州都是谁赢的普选票多，谁就赢得所有的选举人票（缅因州和内布拉斯加州除外）。

⑤句讲了如何获得选举人票：赢得该州民选的候选人，可获得全部选举人票。